Wayne Township is a western Marion County township, bounded by 38th Street, Belmont Avenue, Troy Avenue, and Raceway Road. Settlement began in 1821 along Eagle Creek, and, in the following year, Wayne Township was organized.
Transportation routes determined the location of township communities. was founded in 1830 at the site of a tollhouse along the (now U.S. 40). Farther east along the road, the village of Mount Jackson sprang up where a public house opened in 1837.
Railroad developments from 1850 to 1880 spurred the growth of several hamlets. was platted in 1849 as a stop on the Indiana, Bloomington, and Western Railroad, while resulted when residents successfully lobbied a Vandalia Railroad superintendent of that name for a depot in 1877.
The on the westside of facilitated the location of stockyards and industry, including the foundry of Benjamin Haugh in 1880. Foundry workers, many of them from eastern Europe, settled the town of . On the southern edge of Wayne Township, a gristmill operation, originally called Beeler’s Station, attracted workers and craftsmen. In 1873, the village was platted as on the Vincennes Railroad. By 1880, the township and its growing communities counted about 4,800 residents.
In the 20th century, new forms of transportation brought commercial and residential growth. The town of , platted in 1912, developed adjacent to the racetrack built to test and race automobiles. The aviation industry also played an important role in the development of Wayne Township. In 1931, the Indianapolis Municipal Airport opened, though it was renamed Weir Cook Municipal Airport (after a World War I flying ace) in 1944 and later became . Nearby acreage was then developed for hotels, the Park Fletcher office park, and industrial facilities.
During and after World War II, communities such as (1941) and (1955) emerged as commuter suburbs for working-class families. Beginning in the 1960s, homes, and businesses flanked Interstates 70, 74, and 465.
The airport was one of the township’s major employers in the 1990s, along with , , (Vertellus since 2006), , and the .
A new opened in 1994 and employed a large workforce until it closed in 2003. Since its opening in 1988, the Indianapolis FedEx Hub at Indianapolis International Airport has grown to become the second-largest in the nation, with 4,000 employees.
In 2008, a new Indianapolis International Airport opened with much fanfare. The township also lost industrial employers in the 2000s. Olin Brass closed in 2002, and the Chrysler Indianapolis foundry closed in 2005.
The Metropolitan School District of Wayne Township remained separate from the indianapolis public schools with the 1970 city-county consolidation. Pupils from Indianapolis Public Schools have been bused to the area since 1981 when 1,400 students were reassigned in a court-ordered desegregation plan.
By 2019, the school district included 11 elementary schools, 2 junior highs, a Ninth-grade Grade Center, a career center (Area-31 Career Center), and 3 high schools (Ben Davis High School, Ben Davis University High School, and Achieve Virtual Education). Several private schools and , located on Cold Spring Road, also are located in the township.
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